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Chiral surfaces are critical components of enantioselective heterogeneous processes such as those used to prepare enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. While the majority of chiral surfaces in practical use are based on achiral materials whose surfaces have been modified with enantiomerically pure chiral adsorbates, there are many inorganic materials with valuable surface properties that could be rendered enantiospecific, if their surfaces were intrinsically chiral.

This work discusses recent developments in the fabrication of intrinsically chiral surfaces exhibiting enantiospecific adsorption, surface chemistry and electron emission. We propose possible paths to the scalable fabrication of high-surface-area, enantiomerically pure surfaces and discuss opportunities for future progress.

Micro- and nano-electromechanical (MEMS/NEMS) devices have relied heavily on materials typically used in electronic devices. The majority of MEMS/NEMS devices are fabricated with a top-down approach to take advantage of the corresponding highly reproducible fabrication processes associated with silicon related materials. As a natural extension, as devices move into the nanoscale regime, new materials are introduced using the same fabrication paradigms used for electronics: ultra-flat surfaces, controlled stresses, simply defined materials properties, with precision 2-dimensional or 2+ dimensional definition using lithographic techniques. New materials, such as 2D materials, began to be incorporated with great promise. However, creating 2D material films that behave like traditional silicon-related films has become challenging due to their unconventional growth/deposition techniques. A typical method for depositing a 2D film is through a transfer process, which struggles to create flat, low stress, thin films. This has led to films that have variations in properties, as observed in large deviations in values reported for parameters such as Young’s modulus.

In this work, we explore the variation in properties of films as they become more 2+dimensional textured versus being ultra-flat. We measure the response of resonators fabricated from both ultra-flat and wrinkled films. The ultra-flat films follow expected behaviors with small deviations in resonant frequency and bending rigidity. However, the wrinkled films have a frequency response that is highly variable, up to 45 times that found in flat films. Additionally, we find that the increased rigidity and distribution of values is scale-dependent. As we vary the in-plane dimensions of the resonant structures, we find that the characteristic values scale with the structure dimension. This matches very well with a theoretical model proposed to describe thermal fluctuations in thin films. This opens a new paradigm for device design that allows a single film to have multiple elastic properties based solely on the patterning size. Going forward, we see this being an interesting tool in the design of devices made from single nanometer-thick films.